What is TCP/IP?

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Introduction

                       This is the second blog in the networking fundamentals series in which we try to specify the what-abouts of TCP/IP Protocol suite. I believe this will be the most commonly used protocol on the internet. While it may not directly be used for communication, it is encapsulated under other protocols like HTTP(s), FTP and SFTP, etc., We will try to cover the typical use of TCP/IP and compare the same with OSI Model.

                        Let's get started with details about TCP/IP. TCP is known as Transmission Control Protocol, which is connection-oriented protocol unlike our friend UDP. This protocol relies on sequential data transfer and guarantees the delivery. While these may seem an essential thing, this adds a certain amount of complexity to the implementation as well...

Transmission Protocol

                Unlike UDP, TCP/IP is a stream-oriented protocol. This means that it allows to send and receive data as a stream of bytes by creating a sending process and a receiving process. In order to manage that TCP/IP uses a concept of buffers, as it allocates a process to send and receive buffers. This is to ensure that system of both sides of tubes may not have the same set of resources. 

The 5 layers of the TCP/IP

TCP/IP framework is divided into four or five primary layers. They are

Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Layer

A little more about segments

                           In OSI model, we covered some details around segments; however, there is still a lot to cover. To start with lets presume we are sending data, in that case TCP created group of bytes together in a segment before passing it down to IP layer. IP layer handles the data in the set of packets, and starts transmitting it. 

More applications of the TCP/IP Model

                     The TCP/IP framework user other protocols like HTTP, SSL and IMAP to establish connections between different applications and devices. These protocols help TCP/IP to function properly across its diverse applications. 

Web Browsing

 TCP/IP allows computers to access websites using HTTP or HTTPS. 

Suppose you want to visit a website on Google. You type that website's domain address into your browser's search bar. TCP/IP will ensure your request travels safely across the internet to Google's servers in packets. This process allows you to browse the web smoothly. 

File Transfer
Remote Access
Streaming services

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