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Introduction                        In the previous blog on Network layer, we discussed how it is necessary to convert frames into packets and route them to various destinations. Now, advancing a bit we try to understand the Transport layer which is also the 4th layer in the OSI Model.  What is Transport Layer ?                               The Transport Layer is one of the seven OSI model layers, which manages end-to-end communication in computer networks. It sits above the network layer and below the session layer and manages end-to-end communication between devices in a network. It's primary function is to manage end-to-end data transmission, offering services such as segmentation, error checking, flow control and multiplexing to enable secure and efficient data transfer. ' How Transport Layer Works? The transport layer acts as an intermediary,...

Introduction                    In the previous blog, We tried to learn about the data-link layer and it's components. Now, in this blog we try to dive deeper into the Network layer and understand what it offers in this OSI Model. What this Network Layer is?                     The network layer is the third layer in the OSI model and is responsible for breaking down the data segments into data packets and is tasked with reassembling them on the receiver side. This layer also ensures that the packets are transmitted over the best possible route to the destination system, governed by Internet Protocols.  Now let's move on the working of the networking layer in the OSI. Working of the Network Layer                        The data flow between the network layer and other layer in the OSI model, i.e., to begin with, the network ...

Overview In the previous blog, we discussed about the physical layer and it's importance at transmitting the data in the form of bits and bytes. Now, we will be addressing Data link layer and how it prepares packets for transport over different types of media and physical network components. Data Link Layer                        The data link layer is the 2nd layer in the OSI model. It's function is to primarily prepare packets for transmission over the physical media. It also serves to control the flow of data that will traverse the physical media. The Data link layer PDU (Protocol Data Unit) is the Frames. The two main functions performed at this layer include framing of packets received from the network layer and control of how data is handled by the physical media through MAC (Media Access Control) and detection of errors. Data Link Layer also includes these functions: Frame Synchronization:        ...

                                    The Open System Interconnection comprises seven OSI Layers with their individual functions. In this blog series on Learn Networking, I am going to tell you about the first and foremost layer of OSI Model i.e., Physical Layer...                                                        The Physical Layer in the OSI Model defines electrical and physical specifications for connections between devices. The physical layer establishes how a device, like a computer, interacts with a transmission medium, be it copper or optical cable. It also defines the encoding techniques, determining the representation of 0s and 1s within a signal. It encompasses pin configuration, voltage levels, cable standards, as well as components like hubs...