saiblogs

Introduction                        In the previous blog on Network layer, we discussed how it is necessary to convert frames into packets and route them to various destinations. Now, advancing a bit we try to understand the Transport layer which is also the 4th layer in the OSI Model.  What is Transport Layer ?                               The Transport Layer is one of the seven OSI model layers, which manages end-to-end communication in computer networks. It sits above the network layer and below the session layer and manages end-to-end communication between devices in a network. It's primary function is to manage end-to-end data transmission, offering services such as segmentation, error checking, flow control and multiplexing to enable secure and efficient data transfer. ' How Transport Layer Works? The transport layer acts as an intermediary,...

Introduction                    In the previous blog, We tried to learn about the data-link layer and it's components. Now, in this blog we try to dive deeper into the Network layer and understand what it offers in this OSI Model. What this Network Layer is?                     The network layer is the third layer in the OSI model and is responsible for breaking down the data segments into data packets and is tasked with reassembling them on the receiver side. This layer also ensures that the packets are transmitted over the best possible route to the destination system, governed by Internet Protocols.  Now let's move on the working of the networking layer in the OSI. Working of the Network Layer                        The data flow between the network layer and other layer in the OSI model, i.e., to begin with, the network ...

Overview In the previous blog, we discussed about the physical layer and it's importance at transmitting the data in the form of bits and bytes. Now, we will be addressing Data link layer and how it prepares packets for transport over different types of media and physical network components. Data Link Layer                        The data link layer is the 2nd layer in the OSI model. It's function is to primarily prepare packets for transmission over the physical media. It also serves to control the flow of data that will traverse the physical media. The Data link layer PDU (Protocol Data Unit) is the Frames. The two main functions performed at this layer include framing of packets received from the network layer and control of how data is handled by the physical media through MAC (Media Access Control) and detection of errors. Data Link Layer also includes these functions: Frame Synchronization:        ...

                                    The Open System Interconnection comprises seven OSI Layers with their individual functions. In this blog series on Learn Networking, I am going to tell you about the first and foremost layer of OSI Model i.e., Physical Layer...                                                        The Physical Layer in the OSI Model defines electrical and physical specifications for connections between devices. The physical layer establishes how a device, like a computer, interacts with a transmission medium, be it copper or optical cable. It also defines the encoding techniques, determining the representation of 0s and 1s within a signal. It encompasses pin configuration, voltage levels, cable standards, as well as components like hubs...

Introduction                        This is the second blog in the networking fundamentals series in which we try to specify the what-abouts of TCP/IP Protocol suite. I believe this will be the most commonly used protocol on the internet. While it may not directly be used for communication, it is encapsulated under other protocols like HTTP(s), FTP and SFTP, etc., We will try to cover the typical use of TCP/IP and compare the same with OSI Model.                         Let's get started with details about TCP/IP. TCP is known as Transmission Control Protocol, which is connection-oriented protocol unlike our friend UDP. This protocol relies on sequential data transfer and guarantees the delivery. While these may seem an essential thing, this adds a certain amount of complexity to the implementation as well... Transmission Protocol           ...

 Introduction                                  The invention of the Computer has been one of the most significant technological advancements of the past century. From the early days of mainframe systems to modern laptops and smartphones, computers have become an integral part of our daily lives. In this blog post, we will explore the positive impact of computers on humans, their pros and cons, the benefits of computer technology for humans, and the latest updates in computer technology that have shaped our lives.  Benefits of Computers for Humans:                       Computers changed the whole system of our workstyle, communication methods, and interaction ways with the world. They have made our lives easier and more efficient in numerous ways.  Digitalized Professional Lives                 ...